People aged 20-50 go to the doctor most often with such problems, sometimes children also get sick.According to statistics, 85% of people experience lumbago or discomfort in their back at least once.Pain occurs due to problems with muscles and ligaments, spine and diseases of internal organs.
Mechanism of back pain development
It is the most sensitive part of the body due to the structure and functions of the back.Unpleasant sensations occur in the cervical, thoracic regions or between the shoulder blades, but more pain is localized in the lumbosacral region of the back.
The mechanism of its development is associated with the following factors:
- Excessive muscle tension.A decrease or increase in tone causes microtraumas, myositis (inflammation) and myalgia (acute pain).
- Diseases of internal organs.In 10% of cases, they cause back pain radiation.
- Deformation of the intervertebral discs or joints, reduced strength.The process occurs due to an increase in the spine (excess body weight, heavy lifting) or uneven distribution (uncomfortable work posture).In severe cases, discs pack and compress nerve roots.
Classification of back pain
For the convenience of the description and the correct selection of the correct treatment tactics for back pathologies, pain symptoms differ in duration.In addition, doctors emphasize the nature and location of the attack.
Depending on the type of pain, there are:
- acute, lasting from several days to one and a half months;
- subacute, anxious from 6 weeks to 12 to 12;
- Chronic, present for more than three months or continuously (periods followed by rest).
Based on the nature of the sensations, back pain is classified as follows:
- Local.They are caused by changes in nerve receptors, muscles and ligaments, tendons or skin.The pain is sharp, sharp, throbbing, but always felt in the soft tissue area.
- It was rejected.The pain syndrome is projected from the internal organs to the back.It can be burning and tight, but never aggravated by movement.
- Radiation.Discomfort occurs suddenly, sometimes walking - radiating to the arm or leg.It appears when a nerve root is irritated or stretched.
Depending on the localization, the following conditions differ:
- Lumbodni- Acute pain in the lumbar region.
- Sacralogy- discomfort of the sacral spine.
- Lyubmoischialgia- Lower back pain, the sensation spreads down the leg.
- Cervicalgia- Inflammation of the neck.
- Coccydynia- pain in the coccyx.
- Thoracic- peripheral nerve disease causing chest discomfort.
Pain in the lumbar region
Lubemalgia is often painful in nature and is characterized by gradual development.Pain syndrome occurs in muscle spasm against the background of dystrochic changes in the spine, displaced discs or hernias.
Old and young often experience pain in the lumbar region when they spend long periods of time in an uncomfortable position.
Anxiety disappears without any manipulation, but suddenly appears.Severe back pain, on the other hand, is caused by vascular diseases, abdominal aortic aneurysm or damage to the gluteal artery.Then the symptom is constantly presented and does not go away during rest.
Back pain in the sacral region
Sacralgia occurs against the background of dirty spinal nerve endings due to spinal deformation or soft tissue inflammation.It is more common in women than in men.Pain in the lower back can be sharp, dull or pulling.
Unpleasant sensations intensify during physical activity, prolonged sitting or a sudden change in body position.Sometimes the pain radiates to the hip or leg.
Sacralgia has also been provoked by gynecological diseases, injuries, tumors and mental disorders.
Upper back pain
This condition is associated with problems with the thoracic or cervical spine, severe muscle tension.Pain is caused by heavy loads, incorrect posture or osteochondrosis.
The cause of the syndrome can be diseases of internal organs:
- Pleurisy.The chest is characterized by a cutting pain on the right or left side of the chest that is aggravated by inhalation.
- I have pneumonia.The condition causes mild pain behind the breastbone or between the shoulder blades.Anxiety causes coughing and deep breathing.
- Tuberculosis or lung cancer.Aching pains in the shoulder, chest, arm and back center are often observed.The intensity of symptoms depends on the severity of the disease.
Pain in shoulder blades
Discomfort when the nerve endings in the chest are inflamed - intercostal neuralgia.The pain syndrome is mild, painful, goes away after rest or massage.It is often caused by diseases of the cardiovascular system (heart attack) or psychological problems.
Symptoms associated with back pain
The intensity and nature of the clinical picture depends on the cause of the pain syndrome, the main symptom is added:
- Nausea, vomiting;
- weakness, loss of strength;
- increase in local body temperature;
- stiffness of movements;
- Thrombosis, thrombophlebitis;
- dizziness;
- sudden weight loss;
- Difficulty breathing, coughing;
- reduced visual and auditory acuity;
- swelling, inflammation of the soft tissues around the joint;
- urine cannot be missed, the sensitivity of the limbs is reduced.
Why does my back hurt?
There are two types of anxiety: primary and secondary.The first group arises due to interruptions in the processing of internal organs and neurological causes, the second, the second.Separately, back pain was noted in women.
The following factors contribute to the appearance of an unpleasant symptom:
- rowing, skiing or high jumping;
- long-term static loads;
- overweight;
- hypothermia;
- sudden movements;
- vibrations at work;
- Hard physical work (pain in the spine occurs in miners, farmers, machine operators);
- Restless posture;
- curvature of the spine;
- past injuries or broken bones.
Pathologies of the spine
The main causes of back pain are associated with a violation of the integrity or function of the spine, and there are groups of factors that include diseases:
- Osteomyelitis- necrotic process in bones and bone marrow.
- Protrusion- disc displacement (protrusion).
- Arthritis- inflammation of the joints.
- Scoliosis- Spinal curvature of various severity.
- Intervertebral hernia- Displacement of the shell of the disc and rupture of the connecting end of the nucleus.
- Spondylosis- Proliferation of bone tissue.
- Spinal canal stenosis- Part of the spinal column due to compression of nerve endings and disc displacement.
- Radiculitis- Damage to the nerve roots of the spinal cord.
- Spondyloarthrosis- Dystrophic disease of intervertebral joints.
- Osteochondrosis- degenerative cartilage disorders.
- Mizingi- Sepsis, chronic inflammation of the intervertebral discs.
Causes unrelated to the waist
Pains in the lower back and other areas of the back are often caused by diseases of the internal organs:
- Stomach ulcer.
- Tuberculosis.
- Appendicitis.
- Shingles.
- A stone in the ureter.
- Ulcerative colitis.
- I have pneumonia.
- Malignant tumors.
- Kidney inflammation.
- Aortic aneurysm.
- Angina pectoris.
- Intercostal neuralgia.
- Hemorrhoids.
- Prostate dysplasia.
- Pancreatitis.
- Gallbladder inflammation.
- Myocardial infarction.
- Cystitis.
- Acute coronary syndrome.
- Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle.
Causes of back pain in women
Unpleasant, dull or sharp pain indicates problems of the genitourinary and reproductive organs in women.
Anxiety is caused by muscle tension due to pregnancy, posterior or occipital presentation of the fetus.
Causes of pain in women:
- cancer of the body or cervix;
- External endometriosis;
- menstruation;
- premenopause;
- wearing high-heeled shoes;
- inflammation of the ovaries;
- myoma or fibroid of the uterus;
- ovarian cyst.
Diagnostics
If your back hurts, you should visit a therapist.After collecting an anamnesis and external examination, the doctor will refer you to a consultation with specialized specialists: traumatologist, urologist, neurologist, oncologist or gynecologist.
In order to make a correct diagnosis, a number of studies are carried out:
- Radiographydetects fractures, bone injuries, changes in the height of intervertebral discs and possible growths of bone tissue.
- Myelography- A method of examining the spinal cord that assesses cerebrospinal fluid channels, hernias, tumors, and damage to the spinal column.
- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)It indicates the presence of disc protrusion, calcification, stenosis of the spinal canal.
- General and biochemical blood test.Studies reveal inflammatory processes, high calcium levels, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
- ElectromyographyIt reveals the degree of damage to nerve endings and muscle fibers.
- Urinalysis.It is taken for suspected kidney and urinary tract diseases.
- Additional researchIt is performed to rule out autoimmune disorders and diseases of the digestive system, rectum and hidden infections.
Treatment for back pain
The choice of treatment regimen depends on the factors causing anxiety.When the pain is caused by diseases of the internal organs, the treatment begins with the elimination of the cause.Painkillers are prescribed to relieve unpleasant symptoms.
In addition to tablets and ointments, doctors prescribe physiotherapy and reflexology.
Therapeutic exercises are recommended during the recovery phase.If pain, back and hernia, bulging disc, injury, injury, surgery is performed, surgery is performed.
First aid for acute pain
If the discomfort is unbearable, before the arrival of an ambulance, help the victim yourself:
- Place the person face down on a firm or semi-firm mattress.This position will provide peace to the muscles and relieve the spasm.
- Apply a cold compress or ointment to the back.
- If anxiety does not improve, give NSAIDs.
- If you need to move around, support a backrest or corset.
Drug therapy
Medicines are prescribed to relieve pain, swelling and other unpleasant symptoms:
- Non-antique anti-inflammatory drugs.They have an analgesic and antipyretic effect and relieve inflammation.
- Ointments.Warm muscles reduce pain and are used for massage.
- Chondroprotectors.These are products to protect and restore cartilage tissue.
- Diuretics.They are prescribed to eliminate diseases of the kidneys, cardiovascular system and edema.
- Muscle discharge.They relieve muscle spasms and pain.
- Vitamin preparations.Improve the functioning of the nervous system, increase immunity.
If analgesics do not have a therapeutic effect, paravertebral blockade is performed.
An anesthetic solution is injected into the affected area.Relief occurs immediately and lasts up to 6-12 hours.
Physiotherapy
During the recovery phase or chronic pain, mechanical and mechanical methods are used.They improve blood circulation and tissue nutrition.
The following procedures are most commonly used:
- Diathermy.Tissue heating with high electric currents expands blood vessels, causes resorption of cellopsis and increases blood flow.
- Electrophoresis- Taking medicine at the site of pain through the veins.The procedure relieves pain and improves tissue trophism.
- AcupunctureIt relieves the spasm of muscle fibers, eliminates the inflammatory process.
- Laser therapy- Effect on the source of pain, which is the quantum particles of Light Flux.The procedure is carried out using a special apparatus.Laser radiation penetrates deep tissue layers, stimulates metabolic processes, relieves pain and removes swelling.
Surgical intervention
Indications for surgery include injuries, intervertebral hernia, and spinal cord compression.The main goal of this treatment is to relieve pain.In addition, operations restore the functions of the spine and joints.
Doctors perform the following surgical interventions:
- Endoscopic discectomy.It is prescribed for the treatment of intervertebral hernias and is performed using endoscope and microsurgical equipment.
- Open back surgery.The doctor removes the affected disc, part of the vertebra or ligament.The intervention is performed under general anesthesia and is characterized by a long recovery period.
- Nucleoplasty- Removal of the core of the intervertebral disc.The operation relieves pressure on the nerve endings.
- Storm puncture- The method of stabilizing the vertebrae.During the procedure, the doctor fills the cavities of the spine with bone cement.
Folk remedies for back pain
Compresses and compresses of medicinal herbs help to increase the effect of drugs.Use folk remedies based on natural ingredients at home with your doctor's permission.
Recipes to help with pain:
- Mix 100 g of blue clay, 1 tbsp.l.Aloe juice and honey.Add 750 ml of hot water.Apply the composition to the affected area of the back, cover with cling film and woolen cloth.Leave the compress for 1 hour.Use the composition for osteochondrosis 2 times a day for 2-3 weeks.
- Dissolve 5 g of mummy in 1 tsp.water, add 1 g medical sulfur.Apply the mixture to your lower back and cover yourself with a warm blanket.Use the product every day at night.The course of treatment is 3-4 days.
- Beat 50 g of dry mustard, 20 g of alcohol, 50 g of camphor and 2 raw egg whites with a mixer.Leave in the refrigerator for 5-6 hours.Apply the ointment 3-4 times a day for weight loss.Tie a woolen scarf around your back to enhance the effect.
Prevention
Following the doctor's recommendations, they will speed up the recovery and return to physical activity, and follow the rules to prevent discomfort in the future:
- monitor your posture;
- Do not lift heavy objects;
- When working at the computer, use a chair with a back or a comfortable chair;
- monitor your weight;
- you are not carried in high heels;
- Buy an orthopedic mattress;
- When working in soy, do light exercises every 30 minutes;
- Move more, play sports;
- Visit your doctor immediately.